Vol 2, No 1 (2021) 6–15

Tech­nol­o­gy Facil­i­ta­tion Assess­ment for Malaysia Halal Qual­i­ty Assur­ance for Food and Bev­er­ages, Con­sumer Goods, Logis­tics, and Cos­met­ics Industry

Zuhra Junai­da Mohamad Hus­ny Hamid1, Mohd Iskan­dar Illyas2 and Farah­wahi­da Mohd Yusof3

1 Cen­ter for Inno­v­a­tive Plan­ning and Devel­op­ment (CIPD), Uni­ver­si­ti Teknolo­gi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
2 Azman Hashim Busi­ness School, Uni­ver­si­ti Teknolo­gi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
3 Cen­tre of Research for Fiqh Sci­ence and Tech­nol­o­gy (CFiRST), Uni­ver­si­ti Teknolo­gi Malaysia, 31310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Cor­re­spon­dence should be addressed to Zuhra J. M. Hus­ny: z.​junaida@​utm.​my

Cite this: Nusan­tara Halal J. 2021, Vol. 2 No.1 pp. 1–5 (Arti­cle) | Received 1 March 2021 | Revised 6 May 2021 | Accept­ed 20 June 2021 | Pub­lished 30 June 2021 | http://​dx​.doi​.org/​1​0​.​1​7​9​7​7​/​u​m​0​6​0​.​2​0​2​1​v​2​p​0​0​6​-​015

Abstract

This study aimed to iden­ti­fy the appro­pri­ate char­ac­ter­is­tics of assis­tive tech­nol­o­gy to facil­i­tate the qual­i­ty con­trol process in halal indus­try seg­ments, name­ly, food and bev­er­ages, con­sumer goods, logis­tics, and cos­met­ics. For this pur­pose, four sep­a­rate research projects were con­duct­ed to cov­er these four dif­fer­ent indus­try seg­ments. This paper com­bined the find­ings and pro­vid­ed a com­pi­la­tion of all the results.  Ques­tion­naire sur­veys were dis­trib­uted dur­ing the 13th Malaysian Inter­na­tion­al Halal Show­case (MIHAS 2016) as the pilot study. Main data col­lec­tion was done on the indus­try in Johor in the south­ern part of Malaysia. The sev­en ele­ments of tech­nol­o­gy char­ac­ter­is­tics select­ed for this study are speed, con­ve­nience, inte­gra­tion, auto-report, cus­tomiz­able, cost, and data acces­si­bil­i­ty. Find­ings of this study show that each indus­try seg­ments have dif­fer­ent tech­nol­o­gy char­ac­ter­is­tics pref­er­ence. Nev­er­the­less, the major­i­ty of respon­dents agreed that tech­no­log­i­cal assis­tance in halal qual­i­ty con­trol is vital in help­ing com­pa­nies to ensure the halal integri­ty of their prod­ucts and services.

Key­words: Facil­i­ta­tion assess­ment, assis­tive tech­nol­o­gy, facil­i­tate qual­i­ty, halal industry.

Introduction

Halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion by the Depart­ment of Islam­ic Devel­op­ment Malaysian (JAKIM) is the high­est Halal logo rec­og­nized world­wide. Malaysia is the only coun­try that has its halal author­i­ty under the gov­ern­ment depart­ment. Malaysia has the most com­pre­hen­sive halal stan­dards, guide­lines, and man­u­als to date com­pare to oth­er nations in the world. Malaysia is the first coun­try in the world to intro­duce Halal sta­tus and Halal logo in 1971 and the first halal stan­dard (MS1500) in 2004 [1]. This por­trays the com­mit­ment of Malaysia in gear­ing to be the world leader in the halal industry.

Cur­rent­ly, Malaysia has gazette 13 Halal stan­dards address­ing sev­en indus­try cat­e­gories. On top of that, there are oth­er relat­ed doc­u­ments such as halal man­u­als, guide­lines, and pro­ce­dures. A halal prod­uct or ser­vice should por­tray the high­est qual­i­ty of prod­uct and ser­vices. Sungkar et Al. stat­ed that halal integri­ty means that the halal prod­uct is being sourced, pro­duced, stored, and dis­trib­uted in the man­ner coher­ent with the Islam­ic val­ues, where these are in line with the mod­ern and uni­ver­sal val­ues such as high qual­i­ty and safe­ty, hygien­i­cal­ly pro­duced with respect for ani­mal wel­fare and trad­ed [2]. This also means to achieve the halal sta­tus; a prod­uct and ser­vice not only need to com­ply with shari­ah law but also pass the oth­er qual­i­ty accred­i­ta­tions such as MESTI, GMP, HACCP, ISO, and oth­er relat­ed qual­i­ty assur­ance accred­i­ta­tions. Although all these qual­i­ty doc­u­ments are very impor­tant in help­ing to uphold the integri­ty and qual­i­ty of halal prod­ucts and ser­vices, to read thru, under­stand, iden­ti­fy, and com­pile the relat­ed clause and devel­op the appro­pri­ate check­list are very tedious and exhaus­tive. A find­ing from a pre­lim­i­nary study shows that com­ply­ing with JAKIM halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion is per­ceived as cost­ly, tedious, and time-consuming.

This study focused on tech­nol­o­gy as part of the solu­tion in over­com­ing the prob­lems men­tioned. The impor­tance of infor­ma­tion tech­nol­o­gy (IT) has increase and rapid­ly becom­ing the most impor­tant fac­tor in pro­duc­tiv­i­ty and cost reduc­tion [3–6]. West­on claimed that IT could act as a feed­back mech­a­nism to users who are keen on mea­sur­ing pro­duc­tiv­i­ty. This may refer to acquire rapid and accu­rate infor­ma­tion and improve com­mu­ni­ca­tion links. Tech­nol­o­gy should also be friend­ly enough for users to feel at ease in per­form­ing their tasks.This posits that to change the industry’s unhealthy per­cep­tion of the process of acquir­ing halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion, and at the same time pro­mote the indus­try to adopt halal, and infor­ma­tion tech­nol­o­gy can be pro­posed as the pos­si­ble solu­tion to the cur­rent prob­lems. This study was intend­ed to achieve two objec­tives; 1) to iden­ti­fy the tech­nol­o­gy require­ments that the indus­try needs in help­ing them to pur­sue or car­ry the tasks in man­ag­ing halal qual­i­ty con­trol, 2) to eval­u­ate the per­ceived sig­nif­i­cant tech­nol­o­gy require­ments for indus­try to con­form the halal qual­i­ty standard.

Literature Review

An exten­sive lit­er­a­ture review has been done to real­ly under­stand the cur­rent sit­u­a­tion of halal imple­men­ta­tion in Malaysia.  Numer­ous areas of sub­jects in regards to halal con­trol and cer­ti­fi­ca­tion have been reviewed, and among them are the con­cept of halalan toy­ib­ban, haram crit­i­cal con­trol point, halal appli­ca­tion process, cur­rent halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion tech­nol­o­gy and tech­no­log­i­cal char­ac­ter­is­tics of what is per­ceived as use­ful and ease by tech­nol­o­gy user.

Halalan Toy­ib­ban and Haram Crit­i­cal Con­trol Point (HrC­CP)

Halal has been wide­ly accept­ed as one of the qual­i­ty indi­ca­tors for high-qual­i­ty prod­ucts and ser­vices. Cur­rent­ly, prod­ucts and ser­vices that bear the sta­tus of halal, espe­cial­ly from halal JAKIM, will gain a high­er mar­ket val­ue. JAKIM halal logo has been rec­og­nized as the most pre­ferred halal brand as it rep­re­sents the Shari­ah law as well as oth­er qual­i­ty stan­dards. Halal should not only be viewed from the per­spec­tive of the prod­uct is being pro­duced but also on han­dling of the prod­uct through­out all process­es of it reach­ing the con­sumers. This com­plete sup­ply chain cycle is referred to as “from farm to fork.” This con­cept should ensure that there would not be any cross-con­t­a­m­i­na­tion between halal prod­uct and non-halal sub­stance, which will result in the halal prod­uct turn to be non-halal (haram) or sub­hah. There are sev­en cat­e­gories of halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion schemes in Malaysia: food and bev­er­ages, cos­met­ics, phar­ma­ceu­ti­cals, con­sumer goods, logis­tics, food premise, and slaughterhouse.

On top of com­ply­ing with stan­dards based on the sev­en schemes to acquire halal sta­tus, a com­pa­ny must iden­ti­fy Haram Crit­i­cal Con­trol Point (HrC­CP) in their work­ing process. HrC­CP is a crit­i­cal point in the pro­duc­tion of goods process that can cause the fin­ished prod­uct to be haram or sub­hah and unsafe to be con­sumed by humans. HrC­CP plays a vital role in the halal assur­ance man­age­ment sys­tem which, is the main ele­ment of enquir­ing Halal sta­tus. HrC­CP is close­ly relat­ed to the audit process where the halal check­list is pre­pared, basi­cal­ly to ensure the HrC­CPs are mon­i­tor sys­tem­at­i­cal­ly. More­over, the prop­er con­trol and mon­i­tor­ing of HrC­CPs should be sup­port­ed with sup­port­ing doc­u­ments and evidence.

Halal Appli­ca­tion Process

Appli­ca­tion of halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion from JAKIM will involve three main phas­es, name­ly appli­ca­tion process, audit process, and approval process, as shown in Fig­ure 1. These stages involve both par­ties, com­pa­nies as appli­cants and JAKIM as the cer­ti­fi­ca­tion body [7].

Fig­ure 1. Process Flow of JAKIM Halal Certification

Among these process­es, the most crit­i­cal and com­plex is the audit process. The audit process is divid­ed into two parts: doc­u­ment audit and site audit. Doc­u­ment audit will be done after the appli­cant sub­mit­ted the online appli­ca­tion form, fol­lowed by sub­mit­ting all rel­e­vant sup­port­ing doc­u­ments with­in five work­ing days. Fail­ing to do this will cause the appli­ca­tion not to be processed and the appli­ca­tion will be reset, and a new appli­ca­tion form needs to be re-sub­mit­ted.  If all doc­u­ments are com­plet­ed, JAKIM audi­tors will con­duct a site audit at the appli­can­t’s premis­es.  Accord­ing to JAKIM audi­tor, most appli­ca­tions failed due to the un-readi­ness of the com­pa­ny in terms of pro­vid­ing sup­port­ing doc­u­ments as evi­dence that they have ful­filled the halal stan­dard requirement.

Fur­ther­more, the com­pa­ny also needs to prove that they have a halal mon­i­tor­ing sys­tem incor­po­rat­ed in their busi­ness process [8]. Under­stand­ing the require­ment, stan­dards, and pro­ce­dures of halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion is very chal­leng­ing and over­whelm­ing to some com­pa­nies, espe­cial­ly first-time appli­cants.  This sit­u­a­tion has imped­ed the moti­va­tion of com­pa­nies to pur­sue halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion, par­tic­u­lar­ly by small-medi­um enterprises.

Halal Cer­ti­fi­ca­tion Technology

Tech­nol­o­gy is s an instru­ment that was cre­at­ed to facil­i­tate process­es or dai­ly affairs. The term “tech­nol­o­gy” is not easy to define due to time and the dif­fer­ent lev­els of under­stand­ing among researchers and philoso­phers. How­ev­er, Oxford Dic­tio­nar­ies, tech­nol­o­gy is defined as the appli­ca­tion of sci­en­tif­ic knowl­edge for prac­ti­cal pur­pos­es, espe­cial­ly in indus­try. In the per­spec­tive of busi­ness, Busi​ness​Dic​tonary​.com defined tech­nol­o­gy as the pur­pose­ful appli­ca­tion of infor­ma­tion in the design, pro­duc­tion, and uti­liza­tion of goods and ser­vices and in the orga­ni­za­tion of human activ­i­ties. Frank et al. stat­ed in their study that infor­ma­tion tech­nol­o­gy has not only to play a great role in total qual­i­ty man­age­ment (TQM) but also facil­i­tate the process in the main act as an enabler [9]. The study by Brah et al. has con­formed the same for TQM in logis­tics com­pa­nies [10]. There­fore, there is no doubt that tech­nol­o­gy is cru­cial for a total qual­i­ty man­age­ment sys­tem to work effec­tive­ly and effi­cient­ly. Accord­ing to Hus­ny et al., there are eight tech­nolo­gies have been devel­oped specif­i­cal­ly to sup­port halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion activ­i­ties [11], as shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Halal Cer­ti­fi­ca­tion Technology

NoTypeCat­e­go­ryIntro­duc­er
1My e‑HalalWeb-Based Tech­nol­o­gyJAKIM
2JAKIM My SMS 15888Mobile Phone TechnologyJAKIM
3HaFYS Tech­nol­o­gyMachine Tech­nol­o­gyHalal­y­sis Sdn. Bhd.
4MyMo­bil­Ha­lal 2.0Mobile Phone TechnologySyahrul Junani­ni and Johari Abdullah
5HDC Halal WidgetWeb-Based Tech­nol­o­gyHDC
6HDC i‑KioskMachine Tech­nol­o­gyHDC
7HDC Nokia AppsMobile Phone TechnologyHDC
8HDC iPhoneMobile Phone TechnologyHDC

The tech­nol­o­gy list­ed was devel­oped to pro­vide infor­ma­tion on the halal sta­tus, whether it is halal cer­ti­fied or not. To date, there is no research and devel­op­ment focus on assist­ing the indus­try to ensure their prod­uct and ser­vices com­ply with the halal require­ment. Sur­pris­ing­ly, this is the most cru­cial part of get­ting to be halal cer­ti­fied that more study to be conducted.

For­ma­tion of Research Model

Based on the lit­er­a­ture reviews and pre­lim­i­nary study, a con­cep­tu­al frame­work has been devel­oped based on sev­en char­ac­ter­is­tics of tech­nol­o­gy assis­tance need­ed to facil­i­tate indus­tries in mon­i­tor­ing their halal qual­i­ty con­trol activ­i­ties. These char­ac­ter­is­tics are also looked from the per­spec­tive of its per­ceived use­ful­ness and per­ceived ease of use of Tech­nol­o­gy Accep­tance Mod­el (TAM) [12–14]. Char­ac­ter­is­tics iden­ti­fied from lit­er­a­tures were then used in the pre­lim­i­nary study to val­i­date the char­ac­ter­is­tics, which then form the research con­structs. Dur­ing the pre­lim­i­nary study four experts in halal indus­try and infor­ma­tion tech­nol­o­gy has been inter­viewed.  The char­ac­ter­is­tics cho­sen for this study are: 1) speed, 2) con­ve­nient, 3) inte­grat­ed, 4) auto-report, 5) cus­tomiz­able, 6) cost-effec­tive, and 7) trans­paren­cy of data. This is impor­tant to achieve halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion from JAKIM. Fig­ure 2 shows the con­cep­tu­al frame­work for this research.

Fig­ure 2. Research Con­cep­tu­al Framework

Methods

Sur­vey Dis­tri­b­u­tion and Data Collection

Malaysian Inter­na­tion­al Halal Show­case (MIHAS) 2016 was cho­sen as the venue for pilot study as local and inter­na­tion­al Halal com­pa­nies in var­i­ous sizes from micro to multi­na­tion­al, are gath­ered in one place to show­case their prod­ucts. The result achieved from the reli­a­bil­i­ty test for a pilot study showed that the ques­tions used in the ques­tion­naire sur­vey are reli­able with Cron­bach alpha, α = 0.643The ques­tion­naire was improved for the use of main data col­lec­tion. The respon­dent dis­tri­b­u­tion of each indus­try seg­ment is as shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Sur­vey Respon­dent Distribution

Indus­trySam­ple sizeTotal RespondValid
F&B626346
Con­sumer533636
Good   
Cos­met­ics523939
Logis­tics505050
Total Com­pa­ny Participated171

The sam­ple size was based on the company’s pop­u­la­tion for each indus­try seg­ment in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. One hun­dred sev­en­ty-one com­pa­nies have par­tic­i­pat­ed in this sur­vey [15–18]. Four types of halal indus­try seg­ments: F&B, con­sumer goods, cos­met­ics, and logis­tics were cho­sen to rep­re­sent the high­est num­ber of com­pa­ny estab­lish­ments in Johor. A 5‑point Lik­ert scale was used to allow the respon­dent to express how much they agree or dis­agree to the state­ments in the ques­tion­naires. Rang­ing from strong­ly dis­agree to strong­ly agree. The research design is shown in Fig­ure 3.

Fig­ure 3. Research Design

The main data col­lec­tion was done using an online sur­vey. Invi­ta­tion email to 400 Malaysian Halal cer­ti­fied com­pa­nies in Johor that con­sist of 28% of F&B, 24.4% con­sumer goods, 24% cos­met­ics, and 23% logis­tics. 176 (43%) valid respons­es were received with­in 30 days. The researcher has per­formed the reli­a­bil­i­ty test and achieves a bet­ter result of α = 0.843. Accord­ing to Tabach­nick & Fidell,  small­er sam­ple size of 150 — 200 cas­es should be suf­fi­cient to per­form analy­sis if the solu­tion has sev­er­al load­ing mak­er vari­ables above 80 [19].

Results and Discussion

Over­all, the find­ings acquire from data col­lect­ed show that strong­ly agree are the high­est bar in all charts for all indus­try seg­ments.  This shows that most of the respon­dents have strong agree­ment that all char­ac­ter­is­tics eval­u­ate is impor­tant to them in choos­ing tech­no­log­i­cal solu­tions. This has clear­ly shown in Fig­ure 4.

NOTE: 1 = Speed, 2 = Con­ve­nient, 3 = Inte­grat­ed, 4 = Auto-report, 5 = Cus­tomiz­able, 6 = Cost- effec­tive, 7 = Transparent.

Fig­ure 4. Response Chart

To achieve the sec­ond objec­tive of this research, mean tests were con­duct­ed for each tech­nol­o­gy char­ac­ter­is­tic in each indus­try seg­ment. Analy­sis from the mean test shown in Table 3 demon­strat­ed that speed (4.1), con­ve­nience (4.0), auto-report capa­bil­i­ty (3.86) are the most pre­ferred char­ac­ter­is­tics that the indus­try had select­ed to be incor­po­rat­ed in their tech­nol­o­gy solu­tions [15–18].

Table 3. Sum­ma­ry of Mean Analysis

Tech­nol­o­gy CharacteristicsMean
Speed4.10
Con­ve­nient4.00
Auto-Report3.86
Trans­paren­cy of data3.76
Cost-Effec­tive3.77
Inte­grat­ed3.67
Cus­tomiz­able3.58

The high­est char­ac­ter­is­tics demand is at speed at 4.10 fol­lowed by con­ve­nience at 4.00. These two char­ac­ter­is­tics played the most impor­tant role to the indus­try when it comes to hav­ing tech­no­log­i­cal sup­port in assist­ing them to meet JAKIM halal require­ments. Oth­er char­ac­ter­is­tics such as inte­grat­ed, auto-report gen­er­at­ed, cus­tomiz­able, cost-effec­tive, and trans­paren­cy of data are also impor­tant where the mean analy­sis result showed above 3.5 for all con­structs, which these range between unsure (3) to agree (4).

This research pro­vides a foun­da­tion for future empir­i­cal stud­ies on tech­nol­o­gy require­ments for halal qual­i­ty man­age­ment. This study has deliv­ered major evi­dence for the con­tention that all sev­en char­ac­ter­is­tics of the study, name­ly speed, con­ve­nience, inte­grat­ed, auto-report, cus­tomiz­able, cost-effec­tive, and trans­paren­cy of data, are impor­tant and need­ed by the indus­try to assist them in apply­ing for halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion. Gain­ing halal sta­tus for a com­pa­ny is an added val­ue, espe­cial­ly in com­pet­ing with anoth­er halal pro­duc­er in the glob­al halal market.

The sig­nif­i­cant con­tri­bu­tion of this study is to iden­ti­fy the tech­nol­o­gy fea­tures that indus­tries need to look for in help­ing them to com­ply and mon­i­tor with Malaysia Halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion and qual­i­ty require­ments. Tech­nol­o­gy devel­op­ers can use these research find­ings to devel­op tech­nolo­gies that would real­ly suit the industry’s needs.  Besides that, anoth­er sig­nif­i­cant con­tri­bu­tion of this study is to encour­age future research on mul­ti­far­i­ous dimen­sions and the con­tri­bu­tion of tech­nol­o­gy design and devel­op­ment specif­i­cal­ly for the halal indus­try, for instance, the appli­ca­tion of the 4th Indus­tri­al Rev­o­lu­tion in halal busi­ness oper­a­tions. Explorato­ry and explana­to­ry research can be con­duct­ed on the appli­ca­tion of the inter­net of things, blockchain, smart logis­tics, robot­ics, big data, etc. in halal sup­ply chain processes.

To sum­ma­rize, this study has suc­ceed­ed in stip­u­lat­ing evi­dence to achieve the objec­tives out­lined for this research. Sev­en impor­tant cat­e­gories of tech­nol­o­gy char­ac­ter­is­tics have been iden­ti­fied. All sev­en of these char­ac­ter­is­tics are sig­nif­i­cant where all these cat­e­gories are need­ed and per­ceived as impor­tant by all four seg­ments of the indus­try stud­ied. Speed and con­ve­nience are the top two desired char­ac­ter­is­tics for a tech­nol­o­gy. This explained that in the cur­rent busi­ness sit­u­a­tion, indus­tries are always look­ing for the fastest way but con­ve­nient to use in doing their work. Cost is not the major issue if they are able to get the job done in the quick­est time. This is shown from the find­ing where cost-effec­tive falls at num­ber five.

This research is lim­it­ed to only four halal indus­try seg­ments instead of sev­en; there were F&B, con­sumer goods, cos­met­ics, and logis­tics. The indus­try seg­ment that was not includ­ed in this study is phar­ma­ceu­ti­cals, slaugh­ter­ing house, and food premis­es. This research also only con­cen­trat­ed on Johor-based com­pa­nies and stud­ied the gen­er­al char­ac­ter­is­tics of tech­nol­o­gy solu­tions. How­ev­er, from these lim­i­ta­tions comes the oppor­tu­ni­ty for future stud­ies. A study could be car­ried out on indus­tries beyond the bound­ary of Johor state. A com­par­i­son analy­sis can be con­duct­ed to see the dif­fer­ences and the com­mon pref­er­ence of tech­nol­o­gy char­ac­ter­is­tics between states in Malaysia. This study can also be extend­ed to the oth­er three indus­try seg­ments that are phar­ma­ceu­ti­cals, slaugh­ter­ing hous­es, and food premis­es. Anoth­er good study could also be con­duct­ed on look­ing to a spe­cif­ic tech­nol­o­gy such as mobile tech­nol­o­gy, cloud ser­vices, and data ana­lyt­i­cal dash­board. These stud­ies will give a much more con­cise and spe­cif­ic find­ing that will ben­e­fit both users and the sys­tem developers.

Conclusions

In con­clu­sion, tech­nol­o­gy that can increase speed and at the same time be con­ve­nient and easy to use may be more desired by the indus­try regard­less of the cost. Besides that, under­stand­ing the desired char­ac­ter­is­tics of tech­nol­o­gy is the nec­es­sary enabler of pro­mot­ing the devel­op­ment of suit­able tech­nol­o­gy to assist the halal indus­try. Final­ly, this study has also made a major con­tri­bu­tion to future inno­va­tion in tech­nol­o­gy appli­ca­tion in the halal indus­try by pro­vid­ing the char­ac­ter­is­tics required by the indus­try in assist­ing them to be play­ers in the halal marketplace.

Data Availability

Read­ers able to access the data under­ly­ing the find­ings of the study by con­tact­ing HOLISTICS Lab Sdn. Bhd.: http://​holis​tic​slab​.my/ or con­tact the cor­re­spon­dent author.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Uni­ver­si­ti Teknolo­gi Malaysia (UTM) for the sup­port in mak­ing this project pos­si­ble. This work was sup­port­ed by Research Uni­ver­si­ti Grant (Q.J130000.2409.04G92) ini­ti­at­ed by UTM. The authors also like to express our grat­i­tude to thank Cen­ter for Inno­v­a­tive Plan­ning and Devel­op­ment (CIPD), Fac­ul­ty of Built Envi­ron­ment and Sur­vey­ing (FBES) and Sur­vey­ing, Azman Hashim Busi­ness School (AHIBS) and Cen­ter of Research for Fiqh Sci­ence and Tech­nol­o­gy (CFiRST) of Uni­ver­si­ti Teknolo­gi Malaysia for their con­tin­u­ous sup­port in terms of knowl­edge shar­ing and pro­vid­ing space and train­ing through­out this study. Last but least to HOLISTISCS Lab Sdn. Bhd. for giv­ing us the oppor­tu­ni­ty to be part of the halal research team and allow­ing us to learn so much on halal indus­try holistically.

References

[1]   Halal Stan­dard (MS1500), “Stan­dard 1500: 2004 — Halal Food: Pro­duc­tion, Prepa­ra­tion, Han­dling and Stor­age – Gen­er­al Guide­lines (1st Revi­sion).” Malaysia Stan­dard, Kuala Lumpur, 2004.

[2]   I. R. F. A. N. Sungkar, P. A. Z. I. M. Oth­man, and W. W. Hussin, “Poten­tials of glob­al halal food mar­ket: Impli­ca­tions for Viet­namese SMEs,” 2008.

[3]   A. Kagan, “Infor­ma­tion tech­nol­o­gy seen as key to pro­duc­tiv­i­ty.,” Chem. Week, vol. 155, no. 2, pp. 20–22, 1994.

[4]   F. W. McFar­lane, “Infor­ma­tion tech­nol­o­gy changes the way you com­pete,” Harv. Bus. Rev., vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 98–103, 1984.

[5]   G. L. Par­sons, “Infor­ma­tion tech­nol­o­gy: a new com­pet­i­tive weapon,” Sloan Man­ag. Rev., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 3–14, 1983.

[6]   F. C. West­on Jr, “Weigh­ing ‘soft’and ‘hard’benefits of infor­ma­tion tech­nol­o­gy,” Manuf. Syst., vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 120–121, 1993.

[7]   JAKIM, “Halal Malaysia,” http://​www​.halal​.gov​.my, 2011. .

[8]   JAKIM, “Man­u­al Pro­ce­dure for Malaysia Halal Cer­ti­fi­ca­tion (Third Revi­sion).” Jabatan Kema­juan Islam Malaysia (Jakim), Selan­gor, Malaysia, 2014.

[9]   F. Dewhurst, A. R. M. Lorente, and B. G. Dale, “Total qual­i­ty man­age­ment and infor­ma­tion tech­nolo­gies: an explo­ration of the issues,” Int. J. Qual. Reliab. Man­ag., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 392–406, 1999.

[10] S. A. Brah and H. Y. Lim, “The effects of tech­nol­o­gy and TQM on the per­for­mance of logis­tics com­pa­nies,” Int. J. Phys. Dis­trib. Logist. Man­ag., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 192–209, 2006.

[11] Z. J. M. Hus­ny, M. I. I. Tan, I. S. Ibrahim, and M. Z. A. Rozan, “Assess­ment on the uti­liza­tion of cur­rent halal cer­ti­fi­ca­tion tech­nolo­gies by halal indus­try play­ers in Malaysia,” in Pro­ceed­ing of The World Con­gress on Engi­neer­ing and Com­put­er Sci­ence, 2014, vol. 2, pp. 22–24.

[12] F. D. Davis, “Per­ceived use­ful­ness, per­ceived ease of use, and user accep­tance of infor­ma­tion tech­nol­o­gy,” MIS Q., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 319–340, 1989.

[13] S. S. Al-Gah­tani, “Sys­tem char­ac­ter­is­tics, user per­cep­tions and atti­tudes in the pre­dic­tion of infor­ma­tion tech­nol­o­gy accep­tance: A struc­tur­al equa­tion mod­el,” 1998.

[14] Y. C. Cho and E. Sag­y­nov, “Explor­ing fac­tors that affect use­ful­ness, ease of use, trust, and pur­chase inten­tion in the online envi­ron­ment,” Int. J. Man­ag. Inf. Syst., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 21–36, 2015.

[15] Z. J. M. Hus­ny, M. I. I. Tan, N. Sulong, N. S. Yusof, and M. N. A. Mazlan, “Tech­nol­o­gy require­ment for halal qual­i­ty con­trol: Logis­tics,” J. Fun­dam. Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 2S, pp. 399–412, 2018.

[16] Z. J. M. Hus­ny, M. I. I. Tan, N. Sulong, N. S. Yusof, and M. N. A. Mazlan, “Tech­nol­o­gy require­ment for halal qual­i­ty con­trol: Cos­met­ics,” J. Fun­dam. Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 2S, pp. 399–412, 2018.

[17] Z. J. M. Hus­ny, M. I. I. Tan, N. Sulong, N. S. Yusof, and M. N. A. Mazlan, “Tech­nol­o­gy require­ment for halal qual­i­ty con­trol: Con­sumer Goods,” J. Fun­dam. Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 2S, pp. 399–412, 2018.

[18] Z. J. M. Hus­ny, M. I. I. Tan, N. Sulong, N. S. Yusof, and M. N. A. Mazlan, “Tech­nol­o­gy require­ment for halal qual­i­ty con­trol: Food and Bav­er­ages,” J. Fun­dam. Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 2S, pp. 399–412, 2018.

[19] B. G. Tabach­nick, L. S. Fidell, and J. B. Ull­man, Using mul­ti­vari­ate sta­tis­tics, vol. 5. Boston, MA: Pear­son, 2007.

Corresponding author biography

Zuhra Junai­da Mohamad Hus­ny Hamid holds a Ph.D. in Trans­porta­tion Plan­ning from Fac­ul­ty of Build Envi­ron­ment the Uni­ver­si­ti Teknolo­gi Malaysia, Johor. Her Ph.D. research was enti­tled “The Deter­mi­nant Fac­tors Towards the Inten­tion to Adopt Halal Logis­tics Ser­vices”. She also holds a Mas­ter of Sci­ence in Trans­port Plan­ning from the same uni­ver­si­ty. Her mas­ter dis­ser­ta­tion enti­tled “The Needs of Halal Trans­porta­tion Con­trol in Malaysia”. Her degree and diplo­ma in Com­put­er Sci­ence were from the School of Com­put­ing, Uni­ver­si­ti Teknolo­gi Malaysia. She is also a char­tered mem­ber of Char­tered Insti­tute of Logis­tics and Trans­port (CILT) UK. She is cur­rent­ly active­ly involved in Halal Logis­tics and oth­er research areas relat­ed to Halal indus­tries, as this is not only her area of research inter­est but also one of her areas of train­ing exper­tise. Her research work on halal logis­tics start­ed from 2011 until now. She is co-founder for HOLISTICS Lab Sdn Bhd, a spin of com­pa­ny from UTM that pro­vides tech­nol­o­gy solu­tions for halal indus­try. Two main projects for HOLISTICS among oth­ers are QuikHa­lal and Hacademy.

© 2021 by the authors. This is an open access arti­cle dis­trib­uted under the Cre­ative Com­mons Attri­bu­tion License, which per­mits unre­strict­ed use, dis­tri­b­u­tion, and repro­duc­tion in any medi­um, pro­vid­ed the orig­i­nal work is prop­er­ly cited.

Loading